Behind the Veil
Unveiling the Mysteries of Net Trade Credit Determinants in the Cement Sector
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.68379/qc0xj093Keywords:
Net trade credit, External financing, Trade receivable, Firms competitiveness, Cement sectorAbstract
This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the determinants of net trade credit within Pakistan's cement industry. Highlighting net trade credit's significance as a vital source of short-term external financing, the research explores various influencing factors, including firm size, age, operating cash flow, export propensity, market share, liquidity, financial distress, inventories, bank finance, and sales growth. Employing generalized least squares, fixed effect, and random effect model, the study identifies the fixed effect model as the most appropriate. Notably, it reveals that smaller firms, those with lower market share, and newly established entities tend to invest less in trade. Conversely, higher levels of operating cash flow, liquidity, financial stability, export propensity, sales growth, bank finance, and inventory are associated with increased investment in trade receivables. These findings underscore the crucial role of these factors in shaping firms' financing strategies within Pakistan's cement industry.
Downloads
References
Al Dohaiman, M. S. (2013). Explaining the determinants of trade credit: An empirical study in the case of Saudi Arabian’s unlisted firms. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(17), 204-212.
Antov, D., & Atanasova, C. V. (2007). Trade credit financing: how expensive is it really? Available at SSRN 967522. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.967522
Arkink, N. M. M. (2016). The determinants of trade payables of Dutch SMEs (Bachelor's thesis, University of Twente).
Asif, R., & Nisar, S. (2023). Does trade credit spur performance of the firm: a case study of non-financial firms in Pakistan. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 14(5), 718-739. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-10-2021-0289
Batrancea, L., Rathnaswamy, M. K., & Batrancea, I. (2022). A panel data analysis on determinants of economic growth in seven non-BCBS Countries. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 13(2), 1651-1665. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-021-00785-y
Beuselinck, C., & Deloof, M. (2014). Earnings management in business groups: Tax incentives or expropriation concealment? The International Journal of Accounting, 49(1), 27-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intacc.2014.01.008
Brealey, R. A., Myers, S. C., & Allen, F. (2008). Brealey, Myers, and Allen on real options. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 20(4), 58-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6622.2008.00204.x
Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics. The review of economic studies, 47(1), 239-253. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2297111
Burkart, M., & Ellingsen, T. (2004). In-kind finance: A theory of trade credit. American economic review, 94(3), 569-590. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828041464579
Chen, C. J., Jain, N., & Yang, S. A. (2023). The impact of trade credit provision on retail inventory: An empirical investigation using synthetic controls. Management Science, 69(8), 4591-4608. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4600
Chen, H., Tackie, E. A., Ahakwa, I., Musah, M., Salakpi, A., Alfred, M., & Atingabili, S. (2022). Does energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization, and population growth influence carbon emissions in the BRICS? Evidence from panel models robust to cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(25), 37598-37616. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17671-4
Danielson, M. G., & Scott, J. A. (2004). Bank loan availability and trade credit demand. Financial Review, 39(4), 579-600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0732-8516.2004.00089.x
Deloof, M., & Jegers, M. (1996). Trade credit, product quality, and intragroup trade: some European evidence. Financial management, 33-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3665806
Elliehausen, G. E., & Wolken, J. D. (1993). The demand for trade credit: an investigation of motives for trade credit use by small businesses. Fed. Res. Bull., 79, 929.
Emery, V. J. (1987). Theory of high-T c superconductivity in oxides. Physical Review Letters, 58(26), 2794. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.2794
Ferris, J. S. (1981). A transactions theory of trade credit use. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 96(2), 243-270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1882390
Friedman, M. (1937). The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality implicit in the analysis of variance. Journal of the american statistical association, 32(200), 675-701. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1937.10503522
García-Teruel, P. J., & Martínez-Solano, P. (2010). Determinants of trade credit: A comparative study of European SMEs. International Small Business Journal, 28(3), 215-233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242609360603
Hausman, J. A. (1978). Specification tests in econometrics. Econometrica: Journal of the econometric society, 1251-1271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1913827
Hazlett, T. W. (2009). Ronald H. Coase. In Pioneers of law and economics (pp. 1-30). Edward Elgar Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035305537.00006
Huyghebaert, N. (2006). On the Determinants and dynamics of trade credit use: Empirical evidence from business Start‐ups. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 33(1‐2), 305-328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5957.2006.001364.x
Karakoç, B. (2023). Trade credit and corporate investment: enhancing value creation. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 1-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2023.2266271
Li, X. (2011). Determinants of trade credit: A study of listed firms in the Netherlands (Master's thesis, University of Twente).
Long, M. S., Malitz, I. B., & Ravid, S. A. (1993). Trade credit, quality guarantees, and product marketability. Financial management, 117-127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3665582
Martínez-Sola, C., García-Teruel, P. J., & Martínez-Solano, P. (2014). Trade credit and SME profitability. Small Business Economics, 42, 561-577. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-013-9491-y
Musah, M., Kong, Y., Mensah, I. A., Antwi, S. K., & Donkor, M. (2021). The connection between urbanization and carbon emissions: a panel evidence from West Africa. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23, 11525-11552. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-01124-y
Naqvi, B., Rizvi, S. K. A., Mirza, N., & Umar, M. (2023). Financial market development: a potentiating policy choice for the green transition in G7 economies. International Review of Financial Analysis, 87, 102577. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102577
Pattnaik, D., Hassan, M. K., Kumar, S., & Paul, J. (2020). Trade credit research before and after the global financial crisis of 2008–A bibliometric overview. Research in International Business and Finance, 54, 101287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2020.101287
Paul, S., & Boden, R. (2014). Trade credit: A literature review. British Business Bank, 12, 1-39.
Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. Available at SSRN 572504. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.572504
Pesaran, M. H. (2015). Time series and panel data econometrics. Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198736912.001.0001
Pesaran, M. H., & Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Journal of econometrics, 142(1), 50-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.010
Petersen, M. A., & Rajan, R. G. (1997). Trade credit: theories and evidence. The review of financial studies, 10(3), 661-691. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/10.3.661
Pike, R., Cheng, N. S., Cravens, K., & Lamminmaki, D. (2005). Trade credit terms: asymmetric information and price discrimination evidence from three continents. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 32(5‐6), 1197-1236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0306-686X.2005.00627.x
Shiraishi, M., & Yano, G. (2010). Trade credit in China in the early 1990s. Economic Change and Restructuring, 43, 221-251. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-010-9086-4
Smith, J. K. (1987). Trade credit and informational asymmetry. The journal of finance, 42(4), 863-872. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1987.tb03916.x
Summers, B., & Wilson, N. (2002). An empirical investigation of trade credit demand. International Journal of the Economics of Business, 9(2), 257-270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13571510210135005
Tang, Y., & Moro, A. (2020). Trade credit in China: Exploring the link between short term debt and payables. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 59, 101240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2019.101240
Yazdanfar, D., & Öhman, P. (2014). The impact of cash conversion cycle on firm profitability: An empirical study based on Swedish data. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 10(4), 442-452. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMF-12-2013-0137
Yazdanfar, D., & Öhman, P. (2016). The impact of trade credit use on firm profitability: empirical evidence from Sweden. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 13(2), 116-129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-09-2015-0067
Yazdanfar, D., & Öhman, P. (2017). Substitute or complement? The use of trade credit as a financing source among SMEs. Management Research Review, 40(1), 10-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-06-2015-0153
Zhou, Z., & Li, Z. (2023). Corporate digital transformation and trade credit financing. Journal of Business Research, 160, 113793. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113793
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 farah, waqar, aziz, amber (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.



