Psychological Reconstruction of Afghan Child Soldiers: Trauma, and Rehabilitation

Trauma, and Rehabilitation

Authors

  • Najam Sehar GC University Lahore Author
  • Dr. Sadia Rafique GC University Lahore Author
  • Dr. Azhar Javed Siddiqui Higher Education Department, Punjab Author

Keywords:

Afghan Child Soldiers, Political Trauma, Resilience, Rehabilitation and Stages of Psychological Development

Abstract

The enduring victimization of Afghan children due to political trauma has persisted since the Cold War Era Soviet Invasion. The mind of the Afghan children has become immune to the graphic instances of the war that they need to go through a process of psychological reconstruction (a transition in the child’s cognition). Moreover, the psychological subjugation of these children illustrated such events where children themselves become the weapons i.e. becoming child soldiers. Unfortunately, there has been a rise in the recruitment of the child soldiers ever since the Taliban took over in 2021. However, this research establishes its theoretical foundation through the application of Eric Erikson’s Stages of Psychological Development in a child, by investigating the facets of political trauma faced by these Afghan child soldiers. Along with that their resilience to political trauma, and to look into the efforts regarding rehabilitation to understand the psychological reconstruction of these children is also the foundation of this research. Methodologically, this research incorporates qualitative method, notably content analysis, characterized by a descriptive and analytical orientation. The study adopted an interdisciplinary perspective, delving in the nuanced political contours that characterizes the experiences of child soldiers in Afghanistan.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

‎(n.d.). Afghanistan: Events of 2021. Human Rights Watch. ‎

‎(2019, October, 7). Afghanistan: Little Help for Conflict-Linked Trauma. Retrieved from Human ‎Rights Watch : https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/10/07/afghanistan-little-help-conflict-‎linked-trauma

Becker, J. (2021, September 20). This is our opportunity to end the Taliban's use of child soldiers. ‎Retrieved from Human Rights Watch : https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/09/20/our-‎opportunity-end-talibans-use-child-‎soldiers#:~:text=The%20Taliban%20used%20children%20to,or%20other%20incentives%‎‎2C%20and%20threats. ‎

Boutin, D. (2014). The Encyclopedia of Peace Psychology. In D. Boutin, Children of Afghanistan ‎‎(pp. 153-169). New York, USA: University of Texas Press. ‎

Brown, A., & Black, B. (2018). Political rehabilitation programs for child soldiers: An ‎international perspective. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(4), 401-416. ‎

‎(2001). Child Soldiers Global Report. Child Soldiers International. ‎

Engeland, A. V. (2019). Chapter 8: The voiceless child soldiers of Afghanistan. In M. Drumbl, & ‎J. Barrett, Research Handbook on Child Soldiers (pp. 175–194). Edward Elgar Publishing. ‎

Erikson, E. H. (1999). Identity and the life cycle. New York: WW Norton. ‎

Johnson, M. (2018). Political education in post-conflict settings: Challenges and opportunities for ‎Afghan child soldiers, 15(1). Journal of Peace Education, 45-62. ‎

Maree, J. G. (2022). The psychosocial development theory of Erik Erikson: critical overview. In ‎R. Evans, & O. Saracho, The Influence of Theorists and Pioneers on Early Childhood ‎Education. London: Routledge. ‎

Menon, G., & Arganese, A. (2007, March ). Role of Education and the Demobilization of Child ‎Soldiers -Aspects of an Appropriate Education Program for Child Soldiers. U.S. Agency ‎for International Development. ‎

Munley, P. (1975). Erik Erikson's Theory of Psychological Development and Vocational ‎Behaviour . American Psychological Association . ‎

O’Leary, P. &. (2018). Violence against children in Afghanistan: Concerns and opportunities for ‎positive change. Child Abuse & Neglect, 76, 95-105. ‎

Orang, M. (2023). Connections between family violence and violence in the public sphere: ‎Trauma among children in Afghanistan. Palgrave Communications, 5(1), 1-12. ‎

Qamar, K. (2022). Mental health implications on Afghan children. Global Mental Health, 397-‎‎400. ‎

Ray, A. (2017). Everyday violence during armed conflict: Narratives from Afghanistan. Peace and ‎Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 23(1), 78-89. ‎

Syed, M., & McLean, K. C. (2017). Erikson's Theory of psychosocial Development. The SAGE ‎Encyclopedia of Intellectual and Developmental Disorders. ‎

Unicef. (n.d.). Child protection Protecting Afghanistan’s most vulnerable children. Retrieved from ‎UNICEF for every child Afghanistan: https://www.unicef.org/afghanistan/child-‎protection#:~:text=To%20protect%20and%20provide%20services,together%20to%20protect%20children's%20rights.‎

Downloads

Published

15-12-2023

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Sehar, N., Rafique, S. ., & Siddiqui, A. J. (2023). Psychological Reconstruction of Afghan Child Soldiers: Trauma, and Rehabilitation: Trauma, and Rehabilitation. Dyal Singh Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences, 1(2), 8-19. https://dsjhss.gdscl.com.pk/index.php/dsjhss/article/view/17