Jamia Fathia (1875–2008)

A Historical Study of Pluralism in a Madrasa in Lahore

Abstract

This article examines the history of Jamia Fathia, Lahore, from its establishment in 1875 to the death of its third muhtamim, Mian Muhammad Salman, in 2008. It uses Jamia Fathia as a historical case to problematize generalized portrayals of madrasas in Pakistan as institutions defined mainly by sectarian rigidity, radicalism, and politicization. Drawing on institutional histories, biographical writings, oral interviews, and relevant secondary scholarship, the article traces the madrasa’s foundation, leadership, system of instruction, library, teachers, and students. It argues that flexibility in sectarian boundaries remained an important feature of the institution. Jamia Fathia maintained connections with scholars and institutions belonging to different scholarly and Sufi traditions, while its students later followed diverse paths in teaching, writing, spiritual guidance, religious service, and political activity. At the same time, the article recognizes the firm religious and political commitments of some members of its founding family, including their association with Majlis-i-Ahrar-i-Islam and anti-Ahmadi campaigns. The case therefore shows that such commitments could exist alongside scholarly exchange and interaction across different intellectual and sectarian boundaries.